FREE SPEECH IN THE CLICK ERA: Redefining Constitutional Limits on Digital Speech in India
INTRODUCTION Digital platforms like X , YouTube , Threads , Reddit and LinkedIn have completely changed how people communicate, express ideas and take part in public affairs. Information now travels instantly, conversations spread rapidly, and online spaces have become central to democratic engagement. This expansion reflects the spirit of Article 19(1)(a), [1] which places free expression at the heart of Indian democracy. At the same time, the unfiltered nature of social media has brought serious concerns. Misinformation , hate campaigns, deepfakes and manipulated content circulate faster than they can be verified. These dangers bring Article 19(2) [2] into sharper focus, especially when the digital world operates without a clear, modern legal framework. As online speech gains the power to shape public perceptions, spark unrest and affect individual dignity, India faces a crucial constitutional question: how do we protect freedom while addressing digital harm ? This b...
